knaw in Middle Welsh

IPA: /knau̯/ Forms: kneu [plural], knouein [plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], knaw [error-unrecognized-form], gnaw [soft], knaw / chnaw [error-unrecognized-form], chnaw [error-unrecognized-form] [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: Probably borrowed from Old Irish cnáim (“bone”), but at any rate ultimately from Proto-Celtic *knāmis, from Proto-Indo-European *kónh₂m (“leg”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κνήμη (knḗmē, “tibia”) and English ham. Etymology templates: {{bor|wlm|sga|cnáim|t=bone}} Old Irish cnáim (“bone”), {{der|wlm|cel-pro|*knāmis}} Proto-Celtic *knāmis, {{der|wlm|ine-pro|*kónh₂m|t=leg}} Proto-Indo-European *kónh₂m (“leg”), {{cog|grc|κνήμη||tibia}} Ancient Greek κνήμη (knḗmē, “tibia”), {{cog|en|ham}} English ham Head templates: {{head|wlm|noun|plural|kneu|or|knouein|g=m}} knaw m (plural kneu or knouein)

Inflected forms

[Show JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "lang_code": "cy",
      "raw_tags": [
        "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
      ],
      "sense": "end of a bone",
      "word": "pencnaw"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wlm",
        "2": "sga",
        "3": "cnáim",
        "t": "bone"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish cnáim (“bone”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wlm",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*knāmis"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *knāmis",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wlm",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kónh₂m",
        "t": "leg"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kónh₂m (“leg”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "κνήμη",
        "3": "",
        "4": "tibia"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek κνήμη (knḗmē, “tibia”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ham"
      },
      "expansion": "English ham",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Probably borrowed from Old Irish cnáim (“bone”), but at any rate ultimately from Proto-Celtic *knāmis, from Proto-Indo-European *kónh₂m (“leg”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κνήμη (knḗmē, “tibia”) and English ham.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kneu",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knouein",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "inflection-table-top",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knaw",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnaw",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "soft"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knaw / chnaw",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chnaw",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wlm",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "plural",
        "4": "kneu",
        "5": "or",
        "6": "knouein",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "knaw m (plural kneu or knouein)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle Welsh",
  "lang_code": "wlm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "62 38",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "wlm",
          "name": "Bones",
          "orig": "wlm:Bones",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "bone"
      ],
      "id": "en-knaw-wlm-noun-yNrPZX~p",
      "links": [
        [
          "bone",
          "bone"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "skull"
      ],
      "id": "en-knaw-wlm-noun-jBpkpRWL",
      "links": [
        [
          "skull",
          "skull"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/knau̯/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "knaw"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle Welsh lemmas",
    "Middle Welsh masculine nouns",
    "Middle Welsh nouns",
    "Middle Welsh terms borrowed from Old Irish",
    "Middle Welsh terms derived from Old Irish",
    "Middle Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
    "Middle Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "wlm:Bones"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "lang_code": "cy",
      "raw_tags": [
        "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
      ],
      "sense": "end of a bone",
      "word": "pencnaw"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wlm",
        "2": "sga",
        "3": "cnáim",
        "t": "bone"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish cnáim (“bone”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wlm",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*knāmis"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *knāmis",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wlm",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kónh₂m",
        "t": "leg"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kónh₂m (“leg”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "κνήμη",
        "3": "",
        "4": "tibia"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek κνήμη (knḗmē, “tibia”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ham"
      },
      "expansion": "English ham",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Probably borrowed from Old Irish cnáim (“bone”), but at any rate ultimately from Proto-Celtic *knāmis, from Proto-Indo-European *kónh₂m (“leg”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κνήμη (knḗmē, “tibia”) and English ham.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kneu",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knouein",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "inflection-table-top",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knaw",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnaw",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "soft"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knaw / chnaw",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chnaw",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wlm",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "plural",
        "4": "kneu",
        "5": "or",
        "6": "knouein",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "knaw m (plural kneu or knouein)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle Welsh",
  "lang_code": "wlm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "bone"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bone",
          "bone"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "skull"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "skull",
          "skull"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/knau̯/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "knaw"
}

[Show JSON error data ▼] [Hide JSON error data ▲]

{
  "called_from": "inflection/865",
  "msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: knaw/Middle Welsh 'radical' base_tags=set()",
  "path": [
    "knaw"
  ],
  "section": "Middle Welsh",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "knaw",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/865",
  "msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: knaw/Middle Welsh 'nasal' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'soft'}",
  "path": [
    "knaw"
  ],
  "section": "Middle Welsh",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "knaw",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/865",
  "msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: knaw/Middle Welsh 'aspirate' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'soft'}",
  "path": [
    "knaw"
  ],
  "section": "Middle Welsh",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "knaw",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "page/1896",
  "msg": "Template nesting error: template_nesting = 1 couldn't split inflection templates, knaw/Middle Welsh section mutation",
  "path": [
    "knaw"
  ],
  "section": "Middle Welsh",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "knaw",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle Welsh dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"knaw" meaning in Middle Welsh

Noun

Inflected forms